Dr. Anthony Galea, 51, also was charged with conspiracy to import an unapproved drug, conspiracy to export a drug and smuggling goods into Canada by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Galea was arrested Oct. 15 in Toronto.
A person familiar with the investigation said it was carried out by with help from the FBI. The person was not authorized to discuss the case and therefore spoke on condition of anonymity.
Galea's lawyer denied any wrongdoing at a news conference in Toronto on Tuesday.
"He looks forward to being vindicated," attorney Brian H. Greenspan said. "He's a physician who has always engaged in lawful practices. He's never been involved in any improprieties, any misconduct, any unlawful conduct."
RCMP spokesman Sgt. Marc LaPorte said Galea was arrested in October after a search warrant was executed at the Institute of Sports Medicine Health and Wellness Centre near Toronto.
Greenspan said the investigation began when the doctor's assistant, who often drove around Galea, was stopped at the Canada-U.S. border. Human growth hormone and Actovegin, a drug extracted from calf's blood, were found in Galea's bag in the car, The New York Times reported.
Using, selling or importing Actovegin is illegal in the United States.
Greenspan confirmed Galea has used HGH himself and prescribed it to non-athlete patients over the age of 40 to improve their quality of life, but said he has never given it to athletes.
"It's a therapeutic substance that extends life, and in his view the literature supports the prudent use of HGH in older people that enhances their general health," Greenspan said.
The FBI has opened an investigation based in part on medical records found on Galea's computer relating to several professional athletes, people briefed on the inquiry told the Times on condition of anonymity because they did not want to be identified discussing a continuing investigation.
The anonymous sources did not disclose the names of the athletes, and Galea told the newspaper "it would be impossible" for investigators to have found material linking his athletes to performance-enhancing drugs.
The Times reported that Galea visited Woods' home in Florida at least four times in February and March to provide platelet-rich plasma therapy after his agents at International Management Group became concerned by the golfer's slow recovery from June 2008 knee surgery.
In an e-mail to the AP, agent Mark Steinberg said: "No one at IMG has ever met or recommended Dr. Galea, nor were we worried about the progress of Tiger's recovery, as the Times falsely reported. The treatment Tiger received is a widely accepted therapy and to suggest some connection with illegality is recklessly irresponsible."
In the therapy, the patient's blood is drawn and put through a centrifuge that separates out the platelets, which are then injected into the area of the injury. The platelets contain growth factors that can heal tissue, said Dr. Allan Mishra, an orthopedic surgeon at the Stanford University Medical Center and one of the leading researchers in the field.
Mishra said research is ongoing, but the therapy has proved successful at treating ailments such as tennis elbow. Starting Jan. 1, the World Anti-Doping Agency is banning the re-injection of platelets into muscles because that may enhance performance. Athletes can still inject them into joints and tendons to help recovery from injury if they follow procedures to declare the use to WADA.
Woods announced Friday that he was taking an indefinite leave from golf to concentrate on his marriage after he admitted to marital infidelity. Greenspan suggested his client's case was receiving outsized attention because of the scandal swirling around Woods.
"It's tragic that it happens to come unfortunately at a time when one of his patients is suffering through a media frenzy, which as a result has put him in the eye of the storm as well," he said.
Swimmer Dara Torres told the Times that Galea found a previously undiagnosed tear in her quad tendon. Her agent, Evan Morgenstein, told the AP that Torres was not available for comment Monday night.
"Excluding draining my knee, he has never treated me, but I did see his chiropractor who did soft-tissue work on my leg," Torres said in an e-mail to the newspaper. "That was the extent of my visit with him."
The Times reported in a story on its Web site Tuesday night that New York Mets shortstop Jose Reyes, Colorado closer Huston Street and former Washington pitcher John Patterson also were treated by Galea.
The International Olympic Committee became concerned about Actovegin in 2000 after it appeared during that year's Tour de France, said Dr. Gary Wadler, who leads the committee that determines the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned-substances list.
The drug was placed on the banned list, then removed a year later because more evidence was needed as to whether it was performance-enhancing or damaging to athletes' health, he said.
"It doesn't seem to have been a major issue in recent times," Wadler said.